Principle, technical route and research status of NEWTEK co2 production plant capture and utilization technology
Principle
The principle of carbon dioxide capture and utilization technology is mainly divided into three steps: capture, conversion and utilization.
Capture
Capture carbon dioxide from industrial emission sources such as coal-fired power plants and steel mills through technologies such as adsorbents and membrane separation. Adsorbent is a material with a high specific surface area and porous structure that can selectively adsorb carbon dioxide; membrane separation uses the difference in the permeability of different materials to carbon dioxide to achieve carbon dioxide separation.
Conversion
Convert the captured carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals or fuels through technologies such as photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Photocatalytic conversion uses light energy to excite catalysts to cause carbon dioxide to undergo chemical reactions; electrocatalytic conversion converts carbon dioxide into fuels or chemicals through electrochemical reactions.
Utilization
The converted chemicals or fuels are used in power generation, transportation and other fields to achieve sustainable use of energy.
Technical route
The technical route of carbon dioxide capture and utilization technology mainly includes the following directions.
Research and development of efficient adsorbents
Develop adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and good regeneration performance to improve the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide.
- Optimization of membrane separation technology
Improve the performance of membrane materials and improve the separation efficiency and flux of membrane separation technology.
- Breakthrough in photocatalytic conversion technology
Develop new photocatalysts to improve the conversion efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic conversion technology.
- Innovation of electrocatalytic conversion technology
Develop efficient electrocatalysts to achieve efficient conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide.
- System integration and optimization
Integrate and optimize capture, conversion and utilization technologies to form a system with practical application value.
Research status
At present, research on carbon dioxide capture and utilization technology in the field of new energy has made certain progress.
Application in co2 production plant
By using high-efficiency adsorbents, carbon dioxide in flue gas can be captured. In a 600 MW coal-fired power plant, more than 1 million tons of carbon dioxide can be captured each year, with significant emission reduction effects.
In terms of photocatalytic conversion technology
Develop a new type of photocatalyst that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into fuels such as methanol. Under laboratory conditions, the conversion efficiency of the catalyst reached 12%. In addition, the technology is still being improved and is expected to be industrialized.
Electrocatalytic conversion technology
A new type of copper-based catalyst has been developed that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into chemicals such as ethylene. In industrial applications, the conversion efficiency of this catalyst reaches more than 85%. In addition, this technology has the advantages of simple operation and low energy consumption, and has broad application prospects.
In the field of biomass energy
By using this technology, a large amount of carbon dioxide can be captured and utilized every year. For example, in a biomass power plant, more than 150,000 tons of carbon dioxide can be captured and utilized every year, thereby significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this technology can also convert biomass into fuel or chemicals, improving the energy utilization efficiency of biomass.
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